论文标题
“恐惧”对两个物种竞争的影响
The effect of "fear" on two species competition
论文作者
论文摘要
非消费性效应,例如恐惧的恐惧,可以强烈影响捕食者捕食动力学。尽管生态和社会动机也是如此,但在纯粹竞争性系统的情况下,这些效果尚未得到很好的研究。在这项工作中,我们考虑了经典的两个物种Ode和Pde lokta-volterra竞争模型,其中竞争对手的\ emph {一个}是对方的“恐惧”。我们发现,恐惧的存在可能会对弱竞争和竞争性排斥的经典情景产生一些有趣的动态影响。值得注意的是,对于某些方案中的恐惧水平,我们可能表现出内部平衡和边界平衡之间的双重稳定性 - 与经典强大的竞争情况相反,在边界平衡之间只有双重稳定性。此外,在空间明确的环境中,研究了几种空间异质恐惧功能的效果。特别是,我们表明,在某些$ \ Mathbb {l}^{1} $限制下,对恐惧功能的限制,弱竞争类型的情况可能会改变为竞争排除。讨论了这些结果在生态和社会政治环境中的应用,这些应用与生态学中的“恐惧景观”(LOF)概念有关。
Non-consumptive effects such as fear of depredation, can strongly influence predator-prey dynamics. These effects have not been as well studied in the case of purely competitive systems, despite ecological and social motivations for the same. In this work we consider the classic two species ODE and PDE Lokta-Volterra competition models, where \emph{one} of the competitors is "fearful" of the other. We find that the presence of fear can have several interesting dynamical effects on the classical scenarios of weak and strong competition, and competitive exclusion. Notably, for fear levels in certain regimes, we show bi-stability between interior equilibrium and boundary equilibrium is possible - contrary to the classical strong competition situation where bi-stability is only possible between boundary equilibrium. Furthermore, in the spatially explicit setting, the effects of several spatially heterogeneous fear functions are investigated. In particular, we show that under certain $\mathbb{L}^{1}$ restrictions on the fear function, a weak competition type situation can change to competitive exclusion. Applications of these results to ecological as well as sociopolitical settings are discussed, that connect to the "landscape of fear" (LOF) concept in ecology.