论文标题

用于当地搜索和交叉路线的神经网络:可能的过度杀伤?

Neural Networks for Local Search and Crossover in Vehicle Routing: A Possible Overkill?

论文作者

Santana, Ítalo, Lodi, Andrea, Vidal, Thibaut

论文摘要

近年来,已经对通过机器学习算法提高组合优化问题的各种启发式搜索方法进行了广泛的研究。在这项研究中,我们研究了图形神经网络(GNN)以热图的形式使用预测,以改善混合遗传搜索(HGS),这是一种用于电容的车辆路由问题(CVRP)的最新算法。 HGS的跨界和本地搜索组件有助于找到改进的解决方案,但是这些组件基本上依赖于简单的贪婪或随机选择。尝试在这些级别上合并更多知识似乎很直观。在对10,000多个问题实例的庞大实验活动中,我们表明,使用这些算法组件中的节点相关性(热图或简单距离)来利用更复杂的策略可以显着提高性能。但是,与最初的预期相反,我们还观察到,对于这些目的,热图与简单的距离度量没有明显的优势。因此,我们面临着过度杀伤的常见(尽管很少有记录):GNNS确实可以改善重要的优化任务的性能,但是消融分析表明,更简单的替代方案的性能同样出色。

Extensive research has been conducted, over recent years, on various ways of enhancing heuristic search for combinatorial optimization problems with machine learning algorithms. In this study, we investigate the use of predictions from graph neural networks (GNNs) in the form of heatmaps to improve the Hybrid Genetic Search (HGS), a state-of-the-art algorithm for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The crossover and local-search components of HGS are instrumental in finding improved solutions, yet these components essentially rely on simple greedy or random choices. It seems intuitive to attempt to incorporate additional knowledge at these levels. Throughout a vast experimental campaign on more than 10,000 problem instances, we show that exploiting more sophisticated strategies using measures of node relatedness (heatmaps, or simply distance) within these algorithmic components can significantly enhance performance. However, contrary to initial expectations, we also observed that heatmaps did not present significant advantages over simpler distance measures for these purposes. Therefore, we faced a common -- though rarely documented -- situation of overkill: GNNs can indeed improve performance on an important optimization task, but an ablation analysis demonstrated that simpler alternatives perform equally well.

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