论文标题
裁判中的隐性偏见：来自NBA裁判的教训
Implicit Biases in Refereeing: Lessons from NBA Referees
论文作者
论文摘要
隐式偏见会自动和无意间发生，当我们必须做出第二个决定时，尤其是出现。裁判中出现了这样一种情况，裁判必须就潜在违规行为做出即时决定。在这项工作中，我们对裁判中隐性偏见进行了重新访问和扩展一些现有工作。特别是，我们专注于在NBA中进行裁判，并检查三种不同类型的隐式偏见。 （i）主场对偏见，（ii）对个别球员或团队的偏见，以及（iii）种族偏见。在我们的研究中，我们使用最后两分钟的逐场播放数据和数据报告了联盟办公室在2015赛季以来最后2分钟内的比赛中发布的比赛。我们的结果表明，对主队有偏见 - 尤其是在季后赛期间发音 - 但自COVID -19大流行以来，它已经减少了。此外，有强有力的统计证据表明，特定的球员从裁判的决策中受益于纯粹的机会。但是，我们没有发现对个人球员或特定球队负面偏见的证据。最后，我们对种族偏见的分析表明没有任何偏见。
Implicit biases occur automatically and unintentionally and are particularly present when we have to make split second decisions. One such situations appears in refereeing, where referees have to make an instantaneous decision on a potential violation. In this work we revisit and extend some of the existing work on implicit biases in refereeing. In particular, we focus on refereeing in the NBA and examine three different types of implicit bias; (i) home-vs-away bias, (ii) bias towards individual players or teams, and, (iii) racial bias. For our study, we use play-by-play data and data from the Last Two Minutes reports the league office releases for games that were within 5 points in the last 2 minutes since the 2015 season. Our results indicate that the there is a bias towards the home team - particularly pronounced during the playoffs - but it has been reduced since the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is robust statistical evidence that specific players benefit from referee decisions more than expected from pure chance. However, we find no evidence of negative bias towards individual players, or towards specific teams. Finally, our analysis on racial bias indicates the absence of any bias.
