论文标题
时间反转对称性和平衡样的langevin方程
Time-reversal symmetries and equilibrium-like Langevin equations
论文作者
论文摘要
格雷厄姆（Graham）在Z. Physik B 26，397-405（1977）中表明，可以对一类非均衡的马尔可夫兰格文（Markovian Langevin）方程施加波动，该方程接收相应的fokker-Planck方程的平稳解决方案。 Langevin方程的产生平衡形式与非平衡的Hamiltonian相关。在这里，我们提供了一些明确的见解，了解该哈密顿量如何将其时间逆转不变性以及“反应性”和“耗散”磁通释放其独特的时间逆向对称性。力和通量之间的反对称耦合矩阵不再起源于泊松支架，“反应性”通量在稳定状态下有助于（“家政管理”）熵产生。非平衡的哈密顿式的时间反转和奇怪的部分在质量上有所不同，但在物理上具有启发性的方式。我们发现，由于噪声引起的波动是完全负责耗散的实例。最后，这种结构产生了一个新的，身体上相关的狂热实例。
Graham has shown in Z. Physik B 26, 397-405 (1977) that a fluctuation-dissipation relation can be imposed on a class of non-equilibrium Markovian Langevin equations that admit a stationary solution of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. The resulting equilibrium form of the Langevin equation is associated with a nonequilibrium Hamiltonian. Here we provide some explicit insight into how this Hamiltonian may loose its time reversal invariance and how the "reactive" and "dissipative" fluxes loose their distinct time reversal symmetries. The antisymmetric coupling matrix between forces and fluxes no longer originates from Poisson brackets and the "reactive" fluxes contribute to the ("housekeeping") entropy production, in the steady state. The time-reversal even and odd parts of the nonequilibrium Hamiltonian contribute in qualitatively different but physically instructive ways to the entropy. We find instances where fluctuations due to noise are solely responsible for the dissipation. Finally, this structure gives rise to a new, physically pertinent instance of frenesy.
