论文标题
标量不变网络具有零偏差
Scalar Invariant Networks with Zero Bias
论文作者
论文摘要
就像权重一样,偏见术语是许多流行的机器学习模型(包括神经网络)的可学习参数。人们认为偏见可以增强神经网络的代表力,使它们能够解决计算机视觉中的各种任务。但是,我们认为,可以通过考虑输入空间中图像的固有分布以及第一原理中所需的模型属性来忽略某些与图像相关的任务(例如图像分类)。我们的发现表明,零偏置神经网络可以与有偏见的网络相当地执行实用图像分类任务。我们证明零偏置神经网络具有称为标量(乘法)不变性的宝贵特性。这意味着当输入图像的对比度更改时,网络的预测保持不变。我们将标量不变性扩展到更一般的情况,从而正式验证输入空间的某些凸区域。此外,我们证明零偏置神经网络在预测零图像方面是公平的。与可能对某些标签表现出偏见的最新模型不同,零偏置网络对所有标签都有统一的信念。我们认为,放弃偏见术语可以被视为设计用于图像分类的神经网络体系结构的几何事物,该术语具有将卷积作为跨国不变性事先的精神。零偏置神经网络的稳健性和公平优势也可能表明通往可信赖和道德AI的有前途的道路。
Just like weights, bias terms are the learnable parameters of many popular machine learning models, including neural networks. Biases are thought to enhance the representational power of neural networks, enabling them to solve a variety of tasks in computer vision. However, we argue that biases can be disregarded for some image-related tasks such as image classification, by considering the intrinsic distribution of images in the input space and desired model properties from first principles. Our findings suggest that zero-bias neural networks can perform comparably to biased networks for practical image classification tasks. We demonstrate that zero-bias neural networks possess a valuable property called scalar (multiplication) invariance. This means that the prediction of the network remains unchanged when the contrast of the input image is altered. We extend scalar invariance to more general cases, enabling formal verification of certain convex regions of the input space. Additionally, we prove that zero-bias neural networks are fair in predicting the zero image. Unlike state-of-the-art models that may exhibit bias toward certain labels, zero-bias networks have uniform belief in all labels. We believe dropping bias terms can be considered as a geometric prior in designing neural network architecture for image classification, which shares the spirit of adapting convolutions as the transnational invariance prior. The robustness and fairness advantages of zero-bias neural networks may also indicate a promising path towards trustworthy and ethical AI.