论文标题
了解旁观者对有毒Twitter对话的影响
Understanding the Bystander Effect on Toxic Twitter Conversations
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项研究中,我们探讨了群体动力学来塑造Twitter对话的毒性的力量。首先,我们研究了对话中他人的存在如何有可能扩散Twitter用户的责任来解决有毒的直接答复。其次,我们检查了对话中对有毒推文的第一个直接答复的毒性是否为随后的答复建立了群体规范。通过这样做,我们概述了旁观者和对有毒回答的初始回应的语气是解释性因素,这些因素会影响其他人是否不受抑制发表自己的虐待或贬义的答复。我们通过分析属于〜9K对话的156K推文的随机样本来测试此前提。这项工作的核心是关于“旁观者效应”的社会心理学研究,该研究记录了旁观者的存在有能力改变社会状况的动态。如果第一个直接答复重申了分裂语调,则其他答复可能会效仿。我们发现旁观者效应的证据,结果表明,在收到有毒推文之前,参与对话的用户数量增加与以无毒的方式对有毒答复的Twitter用户数量负相关。我们还发现,对话中对有毒推文的最初反应非常重要。在有毒评论后立即发布有毒的答复与发布无毒回复和Twitter对话的用户越来越有毒。
In this study, we explore the power of group dynamics to shape the toxicity of Twitter conversations. First, we examine how the presence of others in a conversation can potentially diffuse Twitter users' responsibility to address a toxic direct reply. Second, we examine whether the toxicity of the first direct reply to a toxic tweet in conversations establishes the group norms for subsequent replies. By doing so, we outline how bystanders and the tone of initial responses to a toxic reply are explanatory factors which affect whether others feel uninhibited to post their own abusive or derogatory replies. We test this premise by analyzing a random sample of more than 156k tweets belonging to ~9k conversations. Central to this work is the social psychological research on the "bystander effect" documenting that the presence of bystanders has the power to alter the dynamics of a social situation. If the first direct reply reaffirms the divisive tone, other replies may follow suit. We find evidence of a bystander effect, with our results showing that an increased number of users participating in the conversation before receiving a toxic tweet is negatively associated with the number of Twitter users who responded to the toxic reply in a non-toxic way. We also find that the initial responses to toxic tweets within conversations is of great importance. Posting a toxic reply immediately after a toxic comment is negatively associated with users posting non-toxic replies and Twitter conversations becoming increasingly toxic.