论文标题

使用随机电路采样来获得量子优势

Race for Quantum Advantage using Random Circuit Sampling

论文作者

Oh, Sangchul, Kais, Sabre

论文摘要

随机电路采样是从随机单位运算符中采样钻头字符串的任务,以证明具有53 Quarbits的nicamore量子处理器上的量子优势,以及56和61码的Zuchongzhi量子处理器上的量子优势。最近,据称,使用张量网络模拟的经典计算机可以捕获当前嘈杂的量子处理器进行随机电路采样。虽然线性跨熵基准保真度用于证明所有这些主张,但它可能无法捕获输出的详细统计属性。在这里,我们使用Pan等人的张量网络模拟比较了从经典计算机采样的位字符串。 [物理。莱特牧师。 129,090502(2022)]和Kalachev等人。 [Arxiv:2112.15083(2021)]以及来自Sycamore和Zuchongzhi量子处理器。结果表明,所有Kalachev等人的样品都通过NIST随机数测试。位字符串的热图表明,Pan等人和Kalachev等人的样品与肿瘤或Zuzhongzhi样品完全不同。 Marchenko-Pastur分布和Wassersertein距离的分析表明,Kalachev等人的样品在统计上比Pan等人的样品统计接近sycamore样品,而三个数据集则具有线性交叉熵忠诚的值。我们的发现意味着需要进一步的研究来证明或击败随机电路采样的量子优势的主张。

Random circuit sampling, the task to sample bit strings from a random unitary operator, has been performed to demonstrate quantum advantage on the Sycamore quantum processor with 53 qubits and on the Zuchongzhi quantum processor with 56 and 61 qubits. Recently, it has been claimed that classical computers using tensor network simulation could catch on current noisy quantum processors for random circuit sampling. While the linear cross entropy benchmark fidelity is used to certify all these claims, it may not capture in detail statistical properties of outputs. Here, we compare the bit strings sampled from classical computers using tensor network simulation by Pan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 090502 (2022)] and by Kalachev et al. [arXiv:2112.15083 (2021)] and from the Sycamore and Zuchongzhi quantum processors. It is shown that all Kalachev et al.'s samples pass the NIST random number tests. The heat maps of bit strings show that Pan et al.'s and Kalachev et al.'s samples are quite different from the Sycamore or Zuzhongzhi samples. The analysis with the Marchenko-Pastur distribution and the Wasssertein distances demonstrates that Kalachev et al.'s samples are statistically close to the Sycamore samples than Pan et al.'s while the three datasets have similar values of the linear cross entropy fidelity. Our finding implies that further study is needed to certify or beat the claims of quantum advantage for random circuit sampling.

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