论文标题
观察行星风和流出
Observations of planetary winds and outflows
论文作者
论文摘要
最近，我们达到了发现的5,000个系外行星的里程碑。与太阳能系统形成鲜明对比的是，我们知道迄今为止迄今为止轨道非常接近宿主的大多数系外行星，导致他们在生活中的某个阶段通过大气逃生失去了大量的气体。在某些行星中，这个过程可能是如此戏剧性，以至于它们缩小了数百万到数十亿年的时间尺度，这在传播系外行星的人口统计学中刻有烙印。根据过境几何形状，电离条件和大气特性，可以使用紫外线，光学或近红外的传输光谱观察行星流出。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论观察蒸发系外行星及其结果的主要技术。迄今为止，我们有证据表明，目前至少有28个系外行星正在失去其大气，文献已经报告了至少42种非探测。
We have recently hit the milestone of 5,000 exoplanets discovered. In stark contrast with the Solar System, most of the exoplanets we know to date orbit extremely close to their host stars, causing them to lose copious amounts of gas through atmospheric escape at some stage in their lives. In some planets, this process can be so dramatic that they shrink in timescales of a few million to billions of years, imprinting features in the demographics of transiting exoplanets. Depending on the transit geometry, ionizing conditions, and atmospheric properties, a planetary outflow can be observed using transmission spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, optical or near-infrared. In this review, we will discuss the main techniques to observe evaporating exoplanets and their results. To date, we have evidence that at least 28 exoplanets are currently losing their atmospheres, and the literature has reported at least 42 non-detections.
