论文标题
两个超键入光子之间的Hong-ou-mandel干扰可以观察对称和反对称粒子交换阶段
Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Hyper-Entangled Photons Enables Observation of Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric Particle Exchange Phases
论文作者
论文摘要
两光子洪 - 户曼（HOM）干扰是一种基本量子效应，没有经典的对应物。关于两光子干扰的退出研究主要受到一个自由度（DOF）的限制，因此，要实现多个DOF的量子干扰仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们证明了所有16个超倾斜的钟形状态中两个偏振和轨道角动量（OAM）中两个超键入光子之间的HOM干扰。我们观察到十个对称状态（九个玻色孔状态，一个费米式 - 特许状态）和六个抗对称状态（三个抗对称状态，三个玻色子特征状态，三个fermion-boson态）的超束效应具有超构成效应。更有趣的是，通过在两个光子中引入一个额外的DOF来扩展希尔伯特空间，使初始DOF中的不可衡量的外相传递到扩展的两个DOF中的可测量内相。我们直接测量了对称交换阶段为$ 0.012 \ pm 0.002 $，$ 0.025 \ pm 0.002 $和$ 0.027 \ $ 0.027 \ pm 0.002 $ radian的Radian in radian in OAM中的三个玻色子国家，反对称交换阶段为0.991 $ $ pm 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002 $ 0.002。我们的工作不仅可以为更广泛的量子干扰铺平道路，而且还通过扩大更多DOF的希尔伯特空间来开发新技术。
Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The exiting researches on two-photon interference were mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DoF), hence it is still a challenge to realize the quantum interference in multiple DoFs. Here we demonstrate the HOM interference between two hyper-entangled photons in two DoFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for all the sixteen hyper-entangled Bell states. We observe hyper-entangled two-photon interference with bunching effect for ten symmetric states (nine Boson-Boson states, one Fermion-Fermion state) and anti-bunching effect for six anti-symmetric states (three Boson-Fermion states, three Fermion-Boson states). More interestingly, expanding the Hilbert space by introducing an extra DoF for two photons enables to transfer the unmeasurable external phase in the initial DoF to a measurable internal phase in the expanded two DoFs. We directly measured the symmetric exchange phases being $0.012 \pm 0.002$, $0.025 \pm 0.002$ and $0.027 \pm 0.002$ in radian for the three Boson states in OAM and the anti-symmetric exchange phase being $0.991 π\pm 0.002$ in radian for the other Fermion state, as theoretical predictions. Our work may not only pave the way for more wide applications of quantum interference, but also develop new technologies by expanding Hilbert space in more DoFs.
