论文标题

双光子空间模式的超分辨率增强

Super-resolution enhancement in bi-photon spatial mode demultiplexin

论文作者

Grenapin, Florence, Paneru, Dilip, D'Errico, Alessio, Grillo, Vincenzo, Leuchs, Gerd, Karimi, Ebrahim

论文摘要

成像系统测量远场的强度屈服于雷利的诅咒,这是光系统的有限孔径决定的解决限制。许多原理证明和某些二维成像实验表明,通过使用空间模式消除(Spade),收集的现场信息是最大的,因此,分辨率的增加超出了雷利标准。迄今为止,Spade方法基于解决高斯波函数的横向分裂。在这里,我们考虑了光场起源于双光子源的情况,即自发参数下转换,并在两个光子之一中引入了水平分离。我们表明,在将两个光子投射在Hermite-Gauss模式上后,可以使用巧合测量值在信号光子臂中诱导的分离。值得注意的是,与$ \ sqrt {k} $相比,与测量相关的Fisher信息相比,相关的渔民信息得到了增强,其中$ k $是量化两种光子之间空间纠缠量的两光子状态的Schmidt数量。

Imaging systems measuring intensity in the far field succumb to Rayleigh's curse, a resolution limitation dictated by the finite aperture of the optical system. Many proof-of-principle and some two-dimensional imaging experiments have shown that, by using spatial mode demultiplexing (SPADE), the field information collected is maximal, and thus, the resolution increases beyond the Rayleigh criterion. Hitherto, the SPADE approaches are based on resolving the lateral splitting of a Gaussian wavefunction. Here, we consider the case in which the light field originates from a bi-photon source, i.e. spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and a horizontal separation is introduced in one of the two photons. We show that a separation induced in the signal photon arm can be super-resolved using coincidence measurements after projecting both photons on Hermite-Gauss modes. Remarkably the Fisher information associated with the measurement is enhanced compared to the ordinary SPADE techniques by $\sqrt{K}$, where $K$ is the Schmidt number of the two-photon state that quantifies the amount of spatial entanglement between the two photons.

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