论文标题
在Icecube中检测中微子，在南极冰中使用Cherenkov Light检测
Detecting neutrinos in IceCube with Cherenkov light in the South Pole ice
论文作者
论文摘要
Icecube中微子天文台通过中微子与南极冰的相互作用从中微子相互作用中产生的Cherenkov Light检测GEV-TO-PEV+中微子。该检测器由超过5000个球形数字光学模块（DOM）组成，每个模块都用一个向下向下的光电倍增管（PMT）组成，并在86个字符串上在三次公里计数器上遍布。 IceCube测量了天体物理中微子通量，搜索其起源，并受到限制的中微子振荡参数和横截面。通过对冰川冰进行的深入表征，随着时间的流逝，这些冰期的深入表征，以及在重建中采用新颖的方法，这些方法利用了Cherenkov快速近似产生预期的方法。 经过十多年的几乎连续的IceCube操作，南极的下微中微子望远镜的下一代望远镜正在形成。 ICECUBE升级将在密集的填充配置中添加七个额外的字符串。多PMT OMS将连接到每个字符串，以及改进的校准设备和新的传感器原型。其密集的OM和字符串间距将使灵敏度扩展到较低的中微子能量，并进一步限制中微子振荡参数。升级的校准目标将有助于指导IceCube Gen2的设计和构建，这将使有效体积几乎增加一个数量级。
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory detects GeV-to-PeV+ neutrinos via the Cherenkov light produced by secondary charged particles from neutrino interactions with the South Pole ice. The detector consists of over 5000 spherical Digital Optical Modules (DOM), each deployed with a single downward-facing photomultiplier tube (PMT) and arrayed across 86 strings over a cubic-kilometer. IceCube has measured the astrophysical neutrino flux, searched for their origins, and constrained neutrino oscillation parameters and cross sections. These were made possible by an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, which has been refined over time, and novel approaches in reconstructions that utilize fast approximations of Cherenkov yield expectations. After over a decade of nearly continuous IceCube operation, the next generation of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole are taking shape. The IceCube Upgrade will add seven additional strings in a dense infill configuration. Multi-PMT OMs will be attached to each string, along with improved calibration devices and new sensor prototypes. Its denser OM and string spacing will extend sensitivity to lower neutrino energies and further constrain neutrino oscillation parameters. The calibration goals of the Upgrade will help guide the design and construction of IceCube Gen2, which will increase the effective volume by nearly an order of magnitude.
