ICS 65.020 CCS B 16 湖 DB43 南 省 地 方 标 准 DB43/T 1 952—2020 桃蚜实验室内人工饲养技术规程 Procedures of Intra-laboratory Feeding for Green Peach Aphid 2020-12-29发布 湖南省市场监督管理局 2021-03-29实施 发 布 DB43/T 1952—2020 目 次 前言························································································································ Ⅲ 1 范围 ····················································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ······································································································ 1 3 术语和定义 ············································································································ 1 4 饲养环境 ··············································································································· 1 4.1 温度 ··············································································································· 1 4.2 湿度 ··············································································································· 1 4.3 光照 ··············································································································· 2 5 仪器与设备 ············································································································ 2 6 人工饲料 ··············································································································· 2 6.1 原料及配方 ······································································································ 2 6.2 制备方法与储存 ································································································ 2 7 饲养方法与繁殖 ······································································································ 2 7.1 桃蚜挑取与饲料更换 ·························································································· 2 7.2 桃蚜繁殖 ········································································································· 2 7.3 注意事项 ········································································································· 3 8 饲喂管理记录与废料处理 ·························································································· 3 附录 A（资料性） 桃蚜人工饲料配方 ············································································· 4 附录 B（资料性） 刺吸式昆虫饲喂器 ············································································· 5 附录 C（资料性） 桃蚜饲喂管理记录表 ·········································································· 7 I DB43/T 1952—2020 II DB43/T 1952—2020 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020 给出的规则起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利，本文件的起草和发布单位不承担相关责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由湖南省农业标准化委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：湖南省植物保护研究所。 本文件主要起草人：刘勇、张德咏、高阳、彭静、贺荣华、程菊娥、朱春晖、郑立敏、史晓斌。 III DB43/T 1952—2020 IV DB43/T 1952—2020 桃蚜实验室内人工饲养技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了桃蚜（green peach aphid）实验室内人工饲养的饲养环境、仪器与设备、人工饲料、 饲养方法与繁殖、饲喂管理记录与废料处理的要求。 本文件适用于湖南省内实验用桃蚜的实验室内人工饲养和日常管理。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB 14942 食品容器、包装材料用聚碳酸酯成型品卫生标准 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 桃蚜 green peach aphid 属半翅目（Hemiptera） ，蚜科（Aphididae）。别名腻虫、桃赤蚜、烟蚜、油汉。 3.2 桃蚜成虫 adult 具有繁殖能力的桃蚜。 3.3 桃蚜若虫 nymph 不具有繁殖能力的桃蚜，可根据蜕皮次数分为 1 龄、2 龄、3 龄和 4 龄若虫。 3.4 人工饲料 Artificial Diet 由酵母提取物和多种化合物人工配制而形成的饲料 4 饲养环境 4.1 温度 桃蚜在 15-30℃均可正常生长繁殖，最佳饲养温度应控制在 22±2℃。 4.2 湿度 最佳饲养湿度应控制在 70％-90％RH。 1 DB43/T 1952—2020 4.3 光照 光周期设定为光照:黑暗=16h:8h，光照强度为 2000±200Lux 左右。 5 仪器与设备 刺吸式昆虫饲养箱：使用刺吸式昆虫饲养箱进行饲养。饲养箱尺寸为 250mm×250mm×200mm。饲养 装置的具体结构详见附录 B。饲养箱包括箱体、隔板和多个养虫筒。隔板上设置有多个安装孔，养虫筒 两端开口，下端端面开口处设置有用于防止养虫筒内昆虫逃逸的网层。养虫筒下端插入安装孔内。养虫 筒的上端端面开口处密封设置有用于供养虫筒内昆虫取食的食材组件，食材组件包括带孔盖板和人工叶 片两部分。利用热熔机将桃蚜的人工饲料密封在双层封口膜中间形成人工叶片，通过拉伸使人工叶片延 展开后覆盖于带孔盖板上形成食材组件。 光照培养箱：刺吸式昆虫饲养箱自身不具备环境条件控制功能，因此需使用光照培养箱进行温度、 湿度、光周期和光强的控制。光照培养箱尺寸为 600mm×600mm×2000mm。 热熔封口机：刺吸式昆虫饲养箱中使用的人工叶片需使用热熔封口机加工制备。 6 人工饲料 6.1 原料及配方 饲喂桃蚜的人工饲料使用的化学试剂均要求使用分析纯以上，且氨基酸类试剂需要使用 L 型，配制 饲料使用的水为超纯水。人工饲料的具体配方详见附录 A。 6.2 制备方法与储存 桃蚜人工饲料除维生素 C 外，可以按氨基酸类、维生素类、无机盐类、蔗糖、酵母提取物的顺序依 次进行溶解配制。配制后的溶液经微孔滤膜过滤灭菌后进行分装，可于-20℃避光冷冻储存不超过 30 天。使用前按饲料用量加入相应质量的维生素 C 并用 1 mol/L 的 KOH 溶液调整 pH 值至中性，再次过滤 灭菌后方可使用。配制好的人工饲料为透明的亮黄色液体，由于维生素 C 半衰期较短，配好的人工饲料 可于-20℃避光冷冻储存不超过 7 天。 7 饲养方法与繁殖 7.1 桃蚜挑取与饲料更换 (1）用毛笔尖轻轻触动桃蚜，待桃蚜口针从自然宿主植物的叶片中抽出后，将桃蚜挑取到 2 mL 离 心管中，此步可以同时记录挑取桃蚜头数。 (2）挑取的桃蚜转移到养虫筒内，利用食材组件密封养虫筒上端口。 (3）更换人工叶片时需要先将食材组件取下，桃蚜用毛笔挑取到养虫筒内，更换新的人工叶片 后再将试材组件装回。 7.2 桃蚜繁殖 人工饲养的桃蚜可进行自然繁殖，主要生殖方式为孤雌生殖，1 年可繁殖 10-30 个世代。新繁殖的 若虫体型较小，形态上与无翅成虫基本上一致，可与成虫一同饲喂。 2 DB43/T 1952—2020 7.3 注意事项 （1）挑取桃蚜动作需轻柔，否则容易造成桃蚜口针折断。 （2）每个养虫筒内桃蚜数量不大于 30 头，避免产